![]() following the Second World War (1939–1945), but development continued vigorously in Japan, Iran, and some other countries. The popularity, intricacy, and scale of neon signage for advertising declined in the U.S. There were 2,000 shops nationwide designing and fabricating neon signs. Neon lighting was an important cultural phenomenon in the United States in that era by 1940, the downtowns of nearly every city in the US were bright with neon signage, and Times Square in New York City was known worldwide for its neon extravagances. Claude, sometimes called "the Edison of France", had a near monopoly on the new technology, which became very popular for signage and displays in the period 1920–1940. Georges Claude, a French engineer and inventor, presented neon tube lighting in essentially its modern form at the Paris Motor Show, December 3–18, 1910. After obtaining pure neon from the atmosphere, they explored its properties using an "electrical gas-discharge" tube that was similar to the tubes used for neon signs today. Neon was discovered in 1898 by the British scientists William Ramsay and Morris W. While these lamps are now antiques, the technology of the neon glow lamp developed into contemporary plasma displays and televisions. Through the 1970s, neon glow lamps were widely used for numerical displays in electronics, for small decorative lamps, and as signal processing devices in circuitry. They are still in use as small indicator lights. While neon tube lights are typically meters long, the neon lamps can be less than one centimeter in length and glow much more dimly than the tube lights. The term can also refer to the miniature neon glow lamp, developed in 1917, about seven years after neon tube lighting. They are mainly used to make dramatic, multicolored glowing signage for advertising, called neon signs, which were popular from the 1920s to 1960s and again in the 1980s. ![]() ![]() Neon tubes can be fabricated in curving artistic shapes, to form letters or pictures. Neon lights were named for neon, a noble gas which gives off a popular orange light, but other gases and chemicals are used to produce other colors, such as hydrogen (red), helium (yellow), carbon dioxide (white), and mercury (blue). The color of the light depends on the gas in the tube. A high potential of several thousand volts applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas in the tube, causing it to emit colored light. A neon tube is a sealed glass tube with a metal electrode at each end, filled with one of a number of gases at low pressure. Neon lights are a type of cold cathode gas-discharge light. Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing, electrified glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases.
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